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Trend Academic Studies in Health Sciences by Dr. Nasir Mustafa, has 4 slides with 364 views.Revolutionizing Anatomy Education: The Power of AI-Driven Personalized Learning AUTHOR, Dr. Nasır MUSTAFA (All Sciences Academy)
Trend Academic Studies in Health SciencesTrend Academic Studies in Health Sciences
Trend Academic Studies in Health Sciences
Dr. Nasir Mustafa
4 slides364 views
Overcoming Challenges in the Management of Severe Asthma: Expert Insights on ... by PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education, has 49 slides with 16 views.Chair and Presenter, Michael E. Wechsler, MD, Ellen R. Sher, MD, and Corinne Young, FNP-C, FCCP, discuss asthma in this CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE activity titled “Overcoming Challenges in the Management of Severe Asthma: Expert Insights on Emerging Strategies to Close the Gaps to Optimal Care.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/4evmjHc. CME/MOC/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until March 27, 2026.
Overcoming Challenges in the Management of Severe Asthma: Expert Insights on ...Overcoming Challenges in the Management of Severe Asthma: Expert Insights on ...
Overcoming Challenges in the Management of Severe Asthma: Expert Insights on ...
PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
49 slides16 views
Understanding the Impact of Revalidation on UK Healthcare Professionals.pdf by Medical Apprisal, has 4 slides with 241 views.Revalidation UK is a vital process ensuring healthcare professionals maintain high standards, enhancing patient safety and public trust. This mandatory assessment promotes continuous professional development, requiring practitioners to demonstrate competence, adhere to ethical guidelines, and engage in reflective practice. Despite challenges like administrative burdens and balancing clinical duties, revalidation fosters lifelong learning and accountability. Employers and regulatory bodies play a key role in supporting professionals through training, mentorship, and streamlined appraisal processes. As technology advances, revalidation UK will evolve to simplify compliance and enhance accessibility. By embracing revalidation, healthcare professionals contribute to a safer, more effective healthcare system, reinforcing trust and excellence in patient care across the UK.
Understanding the Impact of Revalidation on UK Healthcare Professionals.pdfUnderstanding the Impact of Revalidation on UK Healthcare Professionals.pdf
Understanding the Impact of Revalidation on UK Healthcare Professionals.pdf
Medical Apprisal
4 slides241 views
Feigin_and_Cherry's_Textbook_of.hghhgpdf by andagana1989, has 3992 slides with 33 views.libro de pediatria
Feigin_and_Cherry's_Textbook_of.hghhgpdfFeigin_and_Cherry's_Textbook_of.hghhgpdf
Feigin_and_Cherry's_Textbook_of.hghhgpdf
andagana1989
3992 slides33 views
"Comprehensive Medical Guide - Health & Medicine Insights (v10.a5.01)" by Victoria855690, has 191 slides with 21 views."This document provides valuable insights into health and medicine, covering essential topics such as medical research, healthcare practices, disease management, and treatment approaches. It is useful for students, professionals, and researchers in the medical field. The content is well-structured, making complex medical concepts easier to understand."
"Comprehensive Medical Guide - Health & Medicine Insights (v10.a5.01)""Comprehensive Medical Guide - Health & Medicine Insights (v10.a5.01)"
"Comprehensive Medical Guide - Health & Medicine Insights (v10.a5.01)"
Victoria855690
191 slides21 views
CROUP.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHA by KIRAN KARETHA, has 4 slides with 116 views. Croup is a common childhood illness characterized by swelling in the airway (larynx, Trachea and bronchi), leading to a distinctive barking cough and difficulty in breathing, often with a high-pitched, noisy sound called stridor when inhaling.  It is also known as laryngotracheobronchitis. THE WESTLEY SCORE: classification of croup severity SCORING SYSTEM:  A total score of < 2 indicates mild croup.  A total score of 3-5 is classifies as moderate croup.  A total score of 6-11 indicates severe croup.  A total score of >12 indicates impending respiratory failure.  The score ranges from 0-17. MANAGEMENT:  Supportive care including intravenous fluids to maintain hydration and oxygen inhalation to relieve hypoxia has to be given.  A single dose of dexamethasone 0.6mg/kg may decrease severity and duration of illness.  Inhalation of epinephrine may decrease the symptoms of stridor and respiratory distress immediately. PREVENTION:  Many cases of croup have been prevented by immunization for influenza and diphtheria.
CROUP.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHACROUP.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHA
CROUP.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHA
KIRAN KARETHA
4 slides116 views
Let's Talk About It: Ovarian Cancer (Making Meaning after a Cancer Diagnosis) by RheannaRandazzo, has 19 slides with 12 views.Making meaning from hardship is a complex conversation. Many cancer survivors feel the delicate balance between making meaning and the internalized or external pressure that often follows a cancer diagnosis. Questions such as “What now?” are common when treatment ends. Well-meaning friends and family may subtly (or not so subtly) expect us to behave or view the world differently. If figuring out who you are now feels puzzling, join us on Wednesday, December 11th. Together, we will discuss how changes in your identity and perspective are a valid and essential part of this journey. Research has shown us how making meaning after hardship facilitates adjustment and well-being.
Let's Talk About It: Ovarian Cancer (Making Meaning after a Cancer Diagnosis)Let's Talk About It: Ovarian Cancer (Making Meaning after a Cancer Diagnosis)
Let's Talk About It: Ovarian Cancer (Making Meaning after a Cancer Diagnosis)
RheannaRandazzo
19 slides12 views
Seizure Management and Status Epilepicus.pptx by Yasser Alzainy, has 46 slides with 460 views.a tutorial designed for undergraduate students to discus the seizure management and approach to status epilepticus
Seizure Management and Status Epilepicus.pptxSeizure Management and Status Epilepicus.pptx
Seizure Management and Status Epilepicus.pptx
Yasser Alzainy
46 slides460 views
diabetes mcq by NAME ANKUSH GOYAL (1).pdf by Dr Ankush goyal, has 14 slides with 118 views.Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Overview Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It affects millions of people worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to its associated complications. This document provides an in-depth discussion of the types, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and complications of diabetes mellitus. Types of Diabetes Mellitus 1. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells Absolute insulin deficiency Typically presents in childhood or adolescence Requires lifelong insulin therapy 2. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency Strong genetic predisposition Associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle Managed with lifestyle modifications, oral hypoglycemics, and sometimes insulin 3. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Hyperglycemia first recognized during pregnancy Increases risk of complications for both mother and baby Usually resolves postpartum but increases the risk of T2DM later in life 4. Other Specific Types Monogenic diabetes (MODY, neonatal diabetes) Secondary diabetes (due to pancreatic diseases, endocrinopathies, drug-induced, etc.) Pathophysiology Diabetes results from impaired insulin secretion, action, or both, leading to chronic hyperglycemia. The key mechanisms include: Type 1 Diabetes: Autoimmune destruction of beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and inadequate compensatory insulin secretion by beta cells. GDM: Hormonal changes in pregnancy lead to insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Clinical Features Symptoms of Hyperglycemia: Polyuria (excessive urination) Polydipsia (excessive thirst) Polyphagia (excessive hunger) Unexplained weight loss Fatigue Blurred vision Complications: Acute: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) Chronic: Microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and macrovascular (coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease) Diagnosis The diagnosis of diabetes is based on: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL Random Plasma Glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL with symptoms of hyperglycemia 2-hour Plasma Glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL during an OGTT Hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5% Management 1. Lifestyle Modifications Healthy diet (low glycemic index, high fiber, reduced saturated fats) Regular physical activity (at least 150 minutes per week) Weight management 2. Pharmacological Therapy Oral Hypoglycemics: Metformin (first-line), sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones Injectable Therapy: Insulin, GLP-1 receptor agonists Insulin Therapy: Required for T1DM and some cases of T2DM 3. Monitoring and Complication Prevention Regular blood glucose
diabetes mcq by NAME ANKUSH GOYAL (1).pdfdiabetes mcq by NAME ANKUSH GOYAL (1).pdf
diabetes mcq by NAME ANKUSH GOYAL (1).pdf
Dr Ankush goyal
14 slides118 views
Prescribing for Heart Failure: A Guide for MBBS Students by Shivankan Kakkar, has 15 slides with 61 views.This SlideShare presentation provides a concise reference for MBBS students on prescription writing for heart failure. It covers key medications, treatment approaches, and clinical guidelines for effective management.
Prescribing for Heart Failure: A Guide for MBBS StudentsPrescribing for Heart Failure: A Guide for MBBS Students
Prescribing for Heart Failure: A Guide for MBBS Students
Shivankan Kakkar
15 slides61 views
Growth and development milestone 7 months .pptx by Abhishek Verma , has 12 slides with 113 views.Growth and developed milestone for a 7 months old children Milestone 7 months At seven months, your baby is becoming more active, curious, and expressive! Many can sit up without support, reach for toys, and even start rocking on their hands and knees, a sign that crawling is coming soon. Their grip is improving, so they enjoy grabbing, shaking, and banging objects together. Socially, they recognize their name, respond to familiar voices, and may show separation anxiety when a parent leaves the room. They love interactive games like peekaboo and enjoy babbling sounds like “ba-ba” and “da-da.” Solid foods are now a regular part of their diet, along with breast milk or formula. They may sleep 12–16 hours a day, including two or three naps. Every baby develops at their own pace, so don’t worry if they’re not hitting every milestone at the same time as others. Enjoy this exciting stage of discovery and growth. Discover the essential growth and development milestones of a 7-month-old baby. Learn about physical, cognitive, emotional, and social developments, including motor skills, sensory awareness, speech progress, and feeding habits. Get expert parenting tips, activities, and guidance to support your baby's healthy development. Stay informed with this comprehensive guide Wondering what milestones your 7-month-old should be reaching? This expert guide covers key physical, cognitive, and social developments, from sitting up and babbling to improved hand-eye coordination. Learn about feeding, sleep patterns, and fun activities to support your baby's growth. Get top parenting tips and insights to ensure your little one thrives! #pediatricnursing #Growthanddevelopment #Growthanddevelopmentalmilestones Growth and development ppt Growth and development milestone slideshare ppt
Growth and development milestone 7 months .pptxGrowth and development milestone 7 months .pptx
Growth and development milestone 7 months .pptx
Abhishek Verma
12 slides113 views
Psychopharmacology questions .pdf by Dr ankush goyal by Dr Ankush goyal, has 17 slides with 124 views.Psychopharmacology: A Comprehensive Overview Introduction Psychopharmacology is the scientific study of the effects of drugs on mood, perception, cognition, and behavior. It involves the interaction of drugs with the nervous system, particularly the brain, to alter mental functions and treat psychiatric disorders. Psychopharmacology integrates principles from neuroscience, pharmacology, psychiatry, and psychology to develop effective treatments for mental illnesses such as depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. History and Development The field of psychopharmacology has its roots in ancient medicine, where herbal remedies were used to treat mental disorders. Modern psychopharmacology began in the 20th century with the discovery of drugs such as chlorpromazine (antipsychotic) and imipramine (antidepressant), revolutionizing psychiatric care. Over time, research has led to the development of more targeted and effective drugs with fewer side effects. Neurotransmitter Systems and Drug Actions Psychotropic drugs exert their effects by modulating neurotransmitter systems in the brain. The major neurotransmitters involved include: Dopamine (DA): Associated with reward, motivation, and movement; implicated in schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease. Serotonin (5-HT): Regulates mood, appetite, and sleep; targeted by antidepressants. Norepinephrine (NE): Involved in arousal and stress response; plays a role in depression and anxiety. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA): The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter; targeted by anxiolytics and sedatives. Glutamate: The primary excitatory neurotransmitter; implicated in schizophrenia and cognitive function. Acetylcholine (ACh): Important for memory and learning; affected in Alzheimer’s disease. Classification of Psychotropic Drugs Psychotropic drugs can be classified based on their therapeutic use: 1. Antidepressants Used to treat depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and other conditions. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): Venlafaxine, Duloxetine Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Amitriptyline, Imipramine Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): Phenelzine, Selegiline Atypical Antidepressants: Bupropion, Mirtazapine 2. Antipsychotics Used to manage schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and psychotic disorders. Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotics: Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotics: Risperidone, Olanzapine, Clozapine 3. Mood Stabilizers Used to treat bipolar disorder and mood dysregulation. Lithium: Effective for bipolar disorder Anticonvulsants: Valproate, Lamotrigine, Carbamazepine 4. Anxiolytics and Sedative-Hypnotics Used for anxiety and sleep disorders. Benzodiazepines: Diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics: Zolpidem, Eszopiclone Barbiturates: Phenobarbital (rarely used) Beta-Blockers: Propranolol
Psychopharmacology questions .pdf by Dr ankush goyalPsychopharmacology questions .pdf by Dr ankush goyal
Psychopharmacology questions .pdf by Dr ankush goyal
Dr Ankush goyal
17 slides124 views
Revolutionizing Anatomy Education: The Power of AI-Driven Personalized Learning by Dr. Nasir Mustafa, has 3 slides with 111 views.Revolutionizing Anatomy Education: The Power of AI-Driven Personalized Learning
Revolutionizing Anatomy Education: The Power of AI-Driven Personalized LearningRevolutionizing Anatomy Education: The Power of AI-Driven Personalized Learning
Revolutionizing Anatomy Education: The Power of AI-Driven Personalized Learning
Dr. Nasir Mustafa
3 slides111 views
Regional Injuries in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Head Injury, Haemorrha... by Dr Vaibhav Gupta, has 221 slides with 77 views.This Ppt includes the topic Regional Injuries which is essential for study in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. This mainly focuses on various types of injuries with lot of pictorial representations. The topic includes Head injury, Facial injury, Neck injury and spinal injury.
Regional Injuries in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Head Injury, Haemorrha...Regional Injuries in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Head Injury, Haemorrha...
Regional Injuries in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Head Injury, Haemorrha...
Dr Vaibhav Gupta
221 slides77 views
TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS by KIRAN KARETHA, has 9 slides with 96 views.Tracheoesophageal fistula is an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus. It occurs in 1 in 3,500 births Type A (esophageal atresia) Type B (esophageal atresia with proximal fistula) Type C (esophageal atresia with Distal fistula) Type D (esophageal atresia with proximal and distal fistula) Type E (H- typed fistula)
TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTSTRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS
TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA.pdf FOR NURSING STUDENTS
KIRAN KARETHA
9 slides96 views
Homology modelling and generation of 3D-structure of protein (G).pptx by GarimaSingh204707, has 15 slides with 24 views.Homology modeling, also known as comparative modeling, is a computational method used to predict the three-dimensional (3D) structure of a protein based on its amino acid sequence. This technique relies on the principle that proteins with similar amino acid.
Homology modelling and generation of 3D-structure of protein (G).pptxHomology modelling and generation of 3D-structure of protein (G).pptx
Homology modelling and generation of 3D-structure of protein (G).pptx
GarimaSingh204707
15 slides24 views
Approach to anemia , classification, investigations cases by FatimahRaad, has 17 slides with 80 views.Pdf simply about how to reach to anemia diagnosis with presenting signs and symptoms mainly based on investigations we send in this file as well as discuss two case scenarios on this common health problem from reference book core clinical cases medicine and medical specialties
Approach to anemia , classification, investigations casesApproach to anemia , classification, investigations cases
Approach to anemia , classification, investigations cases
FatimahRaad
17 slides80 views
VENTILATORS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHA by KIRAN KARETHA, has 21 slides with 108 views.VENTILATOR Mechanical ventilation is a form of artificial respiration that uses a breathing machine to assist patients with breathing. Mechanical ventilation is the use of a mechanical device to inflate and deflate the lungs. A mechanical ventilation is a machine that generates a controlled flow of gas into a patient’s airways. INDICATIONS Acute lung injury Apnea with respiratory arrest COPD Acute respiratory acidosis Hypoxemia hypercapnia Classification of ventilators: 1. negative pressure ventilators: mechanical ventilators exert a negative pressure on the external chest. Decreasing the intrathoracic pressure during inspiration allows air to flow into the lung, filling its volume. NEGATIVE PRESSURE VENTILATORS 1. Iron lung (drinker respirator tank) 2. body wrap and chest cuirass (tortoise shell) POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATORS 1. pressure cycled ventilators 2. time cycled ventilators 3. volume cycled ventilators 4. non-invasive positive pressure ventilators a) continuous positive airway pressure b) bilevel positive airway pressure
VENTILATORS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHAVENTILATORS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHA
VENTILATORS.pptx FOR NURSING STUDENTS CREATED BY KIRAN KARETHA
KIRAN KARETHA
21 slides108 views
antiherpes acyclovir mcq ANKUSH GOYAL GMC PATIALA.docx by Dr Ankush goyal, has 12 slides with 187 views.### **Acyclovir and Anti-Herpes Medications** **Acyclovir** is an antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, including: - **Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 & HSV-2)** – Causes cold sores and genital herpes. - **Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)** – Causes chickenpox and shingles. ### **Mechanism of Action:** Acyclovir works by inhibiting viral DNA replication. It is activated inside virus-infected cells, where it blocks viral enzymes, preventing the virus from multiplying. ### **Forms & Dosage:** - **Oral (Tablets/Capsules/Liquid)** – Used for mild to moderate infections. - **Topical (Cream/Ointment)** – For cold sores and mild skin infections. - **Intravenous (IV)** – For severe infections like herpes encephalitis. ### **Other Anti-Herpes Medications:** - **Valacyclovir (Valtrex)** – A prodrug of acyclovir with better absorption. - **Famciclovir (Famvir)** – Another antiviral with a longer duration of action. - **Penciclovir (Denavir)** – Used topically for herpes labialis (cold sores). ### **Uses:** - Treats and manages outbreaks of herpes simplex. - Reduces the severity and duration of symptoms. - Used for long-term suppression to prevent recurrent infections. - Helps in managing shingles and chickenpox. ### **Side Effects:** - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. - Headache, dizziness, fatigue. - Rare: Kidney issues, allergic reactions. ### **Precautions:** - Drink plenty of fluids to prevent kidney issues. - Not a cure, but helps manage symptoms. - Safe for most patients but should be used cautiously in people with kidney disease or weakened immune systems.
antiherpes acyclovir mcq ANKUSH GOYAL GMC PATIALA.docxantiherpes acyclovir mcq ANKUSH GOYAL GMC PATIALA.docx
antiherpes acyclovir mcq ANKUSH GOYAL GMC PATIALA.docx
Dr Ankush goyal
12 slides187 views
ECG-Interpretation-and-Management-of-Arrhythmias.pptx Dr ankush goyal by Dr Ankush goyal, has 8 slides with 22 views.ECG Interpretation and Management Introduction Electrocardiography (ECG) is a crucial diagnostic tool used to assess the electrical activity of the heart. It provides essential information about heart rate, rhythm, conduction abnormalities, myocardial ischemia, and electrolyte disturbances. Correct interpretation of an ECG requires a systematic approach and understanding of normal and pathological waveforms. Basics of ECG Interpretation 1. ECG Waves and Intervals P wave: Represents atrial depolarization. PR interval: Time from atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization (normal: 120-200 ms). QRS complex: Ventricular depolarization (normal: <120 ms). ST segment: Represents the interval between ventricular depolarization and repolarization. T wave: Represents ventricular repolarization. QT interval: Duration of ventricular depolarization and repolarization (normal: <450 ms in males, <460 ms in females). 2. Systematic Approach to ECG Interpretation 1. Determine heart rate Regular rhythm: 300 divided by the number of large squares between R waves. Irregular rhythm: Count QRS complexes in 6 seconds and multiply by 10. 2. Assess heart rhythm Regular or irregular? Presence of P waves? Relationship between P waves and QRS complexes? 3. Evaluate cardiac axis Normal: -30 to +90 degrees. Left axis deviation: <-30 degrees (e.g., left anterior hemiblock, left ventricular hypertrophy). Right axis deviation: >+90 degrees (e.g., right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary embolism). 4. Analyze P wave morphology Peaked P waves (right atrial enlargement). Broad P waves (left atrial enlargement). 5. Assess PR interval Short PR: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Prolonged PR: First-degree AV block. 6. Inspect QRS complex Narrow QRS (<120 ms): Normal conduction. Wide QRS (>120 ms): Bundle branch block or ventricular origin. 7. Evaluate ST segment and T waves ST elevation: Myocardial infarction. ST depression: Ischemia or hypokalemia. Inverted T waves: Ischemia, infarction, or hypertrophy. 8. Check QT interval Prolonged QT: Risk of Torsades de Pointes. Short QT: Hypercalcemia. Common ECG Abnormalities and Management 1. Arrhythmias a) Sinus Bradycardia ECG Findings: HR < 60 bpm, normal P waves, and QRS complexes. Causes: Increased vagal tone, hypothyroidism, beta-blockers. Management: Treat underlying cause; consider atropine if symptomatic. b) Sinus Tachycardia ECG Findings: HR > 100 bpm, normal P waves, and QRS complexes. Causes: Fever, dehydration, anemia, hyperthyroidism. Management: Address underlying cause; beta-blockers if needed. c) Atrial Fibrillation ECG Findings: Irregularly irregular rhythm, absent P waves, fibrillatory waves. Causes: Hypertension, valvular heart disease, hyperthyroidism. Management: Rate control (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers), rhythm control (amiodarone, cardioversion), anticoagulation (warfarin, DOACs). d) Atrial Flutter ECG Findings: Sawtooth flutter
ECG-Interpretation-and-Management-of-Arrhythmias.pptx Dr ankush goyalECG-Interpretation-and-Management-of-Arrhythmias.pptx Dr ankush goyal
ECG-Interpretation-and-Management-of-Arrhythmias.pptx Dr ankush goyal
Dr Ankush goyal
8 slides22 views
diabetes mcq by NAME ANKUSH GOYAL (1).pdf by Dr Ankush goyal, has 14 slides with 118 views.Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Overview Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It affects millions of people worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to its associated complications. This document provides an in-depth discussion of the types, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and complications of diabetes mellitus. Types of Diabetes Mellitus 1. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells Absolute insulin deficiency Typically presents in childhood or adolescence Requires lifelong insulin therapy 2. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency Strong genetic predisposition Associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle Managed with lifestyle modifications, oral hypoglycemics, and sometimes insulin 3. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Hyperglycemia first recognized during pregnancy Increases risk of complications for both mother and baby Usually resolves postpartum but increases the risk of T2DM later in life 4. Other Specific Types Monogenic diabetes (MODY, neonatal diabetes) Secondary diabetes (due to pancreatic diseases, endocrinopathies, drug-induced, etc.) Pathophysiology Diabetes results from impaired insulin secretion, action, or both, leading to chronic hyperglycemia. The key mechanisms include: Type 1 Diabetes: Autoimmune destruction of beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and inadequate compensatory insulin secretion by beta cells. GDM: Hormonal changes in pregnancy lead to insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Clinical Features Symptoms of Hyperglycemia: Polyuria (excessive urination) Polydipsia (excessive thirst) Polyphagia (excessive hunger) Unexplained weight loss Fatigue Blurred vision Complications: Acute: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) Chronic: Microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and macrovascular (coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease) Diagnosis The diagnosis of diabetes is based on: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dL Random Plasma Glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL with symptoms of hyperglycemia 2-hour Plasma Glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL during an OGTT Hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5% Management 1. Lifestyle Modifications Healthy diet (low glycemic index, high fiber, reduced saturated fats) Regular physical activity (at least 150 minutes per week) Weight management 2. Pharmacological Therapy Oral Hypoglycemics: Metformin (first-line), sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones Injectable Therapy: Insulin, GLP-1 receptor agonists Insulin Therapy: Required for T1DM and some cases of T2DM 3. Monitoring and Complication Prevention Regular blood glucose
diabetes mcq by NAME ANKUSH GOYAL (1).pdfdiabetes mcq by NAME ANKUSH GOYAL (1).pdf
diabetes mcq by NAME ANKUSH GOYAL (1).pdf
Dr Ankush goyal
14 slides118 views
Growth and development milestone 7 months .pptx by Abhishek Verma , has 12 slides with 113 views.Growth and developed milestone for a 7 months old children Milestone 7 months At seven months, your baby is becoming more active, curious, and expressive! Many can sit up without support, reach for toys, and even start rocking on their hands and knees, a sign that crawling is coming soon. Their grip is improving, so they enjoy grabbing, shaking, and banging objects together. Socially, they recognize their name, respond to familiar voices, and may show separation anxiety when a parent leaves the room. They love interactive games like peekaboo and enjoy babbling sounds like “ba-ba” and “da-da.” Solid foods are now a regular part of their diet, along with breast milk or formula. They may sleep 12–16 hours a day, including two or three naps. Every baby develops at their own pace, so don’t worry if they’re not hitting every milestone at the same time as others. Enjoy this exciting stage of discovery and growth. Discover the essential growth and development milestones of a 7-month-old baby. Learn about physical, cognitive, emotional, and social developments, including motor skills, sensory awareness, speech progress, and feeding habits. Get expert parenting tips, activities, and guidance to support your baby's healthy development. Stay informed with this comprehensive guide Wondering what milestones your 7-month-old should be reaching? This expert guide covers key physical, cognitive, and social developments, from sitting up and babbling to improved hand-eye coordination. Learn about feeding, sleep patterns, and fun activities to support your baby's growth. Get top parenting tips and insights to ensure your little one thrives! #pediatricnursing #Growthanddevelopment #Growthanddevelopmentalmilestones Growth and development ppt Growth and development milestone slideshare ppt
Growth and development milestone 7 months .pptxGrowth and development milestone 7 months .pptx
Growth and development milestone 7 months .pptx
Abhishek Verma
12 slides113 views
Psychopharmacology questions .pdf by Dr ankush goyal by Dr Ankush goyal, has 17 slides with 124 views.Psychopharmacology: A Comprehensive Overview Introduction Psychopharmacology is the scientific study of the effects of drugs on mood, perception, cognition, and behavior. It involves the interaction of drugs with the nervous system, particularly the brain, to alter mental functions and treat psychiatric disorders. Psychopharmacology integrates principles from neuroscience, pharmacology, psychiatry, and psychology to develop effective treatments for mental illnesses such as depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, and bipolar disorder. History and Development The field of psychopharmacology has its roots in ancient medicine, where herbal remedies were used to treat mental disorders. Modern psychopharmacology began in the 20th century with the discovery of drugs such as chlorpromazine (antipsychotic) and imipramine (antidepressant), revolutionizing psychiatric care. Over time, research has led to the development of more targeted and effective drugs with fewer side effects. Neurotransmitter Systems and Drug Actions Psychotropic drugs exert their effects by modulating neurotransmitter systems in the brain. The major neurotransmitters involved include: Dopamine (DA): Associated with reward, motivation, and movement; implicated in schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease. Serotonin (5-HT): Regulates mood, appetite, and sleep; targeted by antidepressants. Norepinephrine (NE): Involved in arousal and stress response; plays a role in depression and anxiety. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA): The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter; targeted by anxiolytics and sedatives. Glutamate: The primary excitatory neurotransmitter; implicated in schizophrenia and cognitive function. Acetylcholine (ACh): Important for memory and learning; affected in Alzheimer’s disease. Classification of Psychotropic Drugs Psychotropic drugs can be classified based on their therapeutic use: 1. Antidepressants Used to treat depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and other conditions. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs): Venlafaxine, Duloxetine Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs): Amitriptyline, Imipramine Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): Phenelzine, Selegiline Atypical Antidepressants: Bupropion, Mirtazapine 2. Antipsychotics Used to manage schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and psychotic disorders. Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotics: Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotics: Risperidone, Olanzapine, Clozapine 3. Mood Stabilizers Used to treat bipolar disorder and mood dysregulation. Lithium: Effective for bipolar disorder Anticonvulsants: Valproate, Lamotrigine, Carbamazepine 4. Anxiolytics and Sedative-Hypnotics Used for anxiety and sleep disorders. Benzodiazepines: Diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics: Zolpidem, Eszopiclone Barbiturates: Phenobarbital (rarely used) Beta-Blockers: Propranolol
Psychopharmacology questions .pdf by Dr ankush goyalPsychopharmacology questions .pdf by Dr ankush goyal
Psychopharmacology questions .pdf by Dr ankush goyal
Dr Ankush goyal
17 slides124 views
antiherpes acyclovir mcq ANKUSH GOYAL GMC PATIALA.docx by Dr Ankush goyal, has 12 slides with 187 views.### **Acyclovir and Anti-Herpes Medications** **Acyclovir** is an antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, including: - **Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 & HSV-2)** – Causes cold sores and genital herpes. - **Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)** – Causes chickenpox and shingles. ### **Mechanism of Action:** Acyclovir works by inhibiting viral DNA replication. It is activated inside virus-infected cells, where it blocks viral enzymes, preventing the virus from multiplying. ### **Forms & Dosage:** - **Oral (Tablets/Capsules/Liquid)** – Used for mild to moderate infections. - **Topical (Cream/Ointment)** – For cold sores and mild skin infections. - **Intravenous (IV)** – For severe infections like herpes encephalitis. ### **Other Anti-Herpes Medications:** - **Valacyclovir (Valtrex)** – A prodrug of acyclovir with better absorption. - **Famciclovir (Famvir)** – Another antiviral with a longer duration of action. - **Penciclovir (Denavir)** – Used topically for herpes labialis (cold sores). ### **Uses:** - Treats and manages outbreaks of herpes simplex. - Reduces the severity and duration of symptoms. - Used for long-term suppression to prevent recurrent infections. - Helps in managing shingles and chickenpox. ### **Side Effects:** - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. - Headache, dizziness, fatigue. - Rare: Kidney issues, allergic reactions. ### **Precautions:** - Drink plenty of fluids to prevent kidney issues. - Not a cure, but helps manage symptoms. - Safe for most patients but should be used cautiously in people with kidney disease or weakened immune systems.
antiherpes acyclovir mcq ANKUSH GOYAL GMC PATIALA.docxantiherpes acyclovir mcq ANKUSH GOYAL GMC PATIALA.docx
antiherpes acyclovir mcq ANKUSH GOYAL GMC PATIALA.docx
Dr Ankush goyal
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ECG-Interpretation-and-Management-of-Arrhythmias.pptx Dr ankush goyal by Dr Ankush goyal, has 8 slides with 22 views.ECG Interpretation and Management Introduction Electrocardiography (ECG) is a crucial diagnostic tool used to assess the electrical activity of the heart. It provides essential information about heart rate, rhythm, conduction abnormalities, myocardial ischemia, and electrolyte disturbances. Correct interpretation of an ECG requires a systematic approach and understanding of normal and pathological waveforms. Basics of ECG Interpretation 1. ECG Waves and Intervals P wave: Represents atrial depolarization. PR interval: Time from atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization (normal: 120-200 ms). QRS complex: Ventricular depolarization (normal: <120 ms). ST segment: Represents the interval between ventricular depolarization and repolarization. T wave: Represents ventricular repolarization. QT interval: Duration of ventricular depolarization and repolarization (normal: <450 ms in males, <460 ms in females). 2. Systematic Approach to ECG Interpretation 1. Determine heart rate Regular rhythm: 300 divided by the number of large squares between R waves. Irregular rhythm: Count QRS complexes in 6 seconds and multiply by 10. 2. Assess heart rhythm Regular or irregular? Presence of P waves? Relationship between P waves and QRS complexes? 3. Evaluate cardiac axis Normal: -30 to +90 degrees. Left axis deviation: <-30 degrees (e.g., left anterior hemiblock, left ventricular hypertrophy). Right axis deviation: >+90 degrees (e.g., right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary embolism). 4. Analyze P wave morphology Peaked P waves (right atrial enlargement). Broad P waves (left atrial enlargement). 5. Assess PR interval Short PR: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Prolonged PR: First-degree AV block. 6. Inspect QRS complex Narrow QRS (<120 ms): Normal conduction. Wide QRS (>120 ms): Bundle branch block or ventricular origin. 7. Evaluate ST segment and T waves ST elevation: Myocardial infarction. ST depression: Ischemia or hypokalemia. Inverted T waves: Ischemia, infarction, or hypertrophy. 8. Check QT interval Prolonged QT: Risk of Torsades de Pointes. Short QT: Hypercalcemia. Common ECG Abnormalities and Management 1. Arrhythmias a) Sinus Bradycardia ECG Findings: HR < 60 bpm, normal P waves, and QRS complexes. Causes: Increased vagal tone, hypothyroidism, beta-blockers. Management: Treat underlying cause; consider atropine if symptomatic. b) Sinus Tachycardia ECG Findings: HR > 100 bpm, normal P waves, and QRS complexes. Causes: Fever, dehydration, anemia, hyperthyroidism. Management: Address underlying cause; beta-blockers if needed. c) Atrial Fibrillation ECG Findings: Irregularly irregular rhythm, absent P waves, fibrillatory waves. Causes: Hypertension, valvular heart disease, hyperthyroidism. Management: Rate control (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers), rhythm control (amiodarone, cardioversion), anticoagulation (warfarin, DOACs). d) Atrial Flutter ECG Findings: Sawtooth flutter
ECG-Interpretation-and-Management-of-Arrhythmias.pptx Dr ankush goyalECG-Interpretation-and-Management-of-Arrhythmias.pptx Dr ankush goyal
ECG-Interpretation-and-Management-of-Arrhythmias.pptx Dr ankush goyal
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